Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Fossil Fuels As A Source Of Energy - 2044 Words

Since the evolution of science, many people have become solely dependent on a variety of technologies to supply their essential needs of life. A key technology that people have a high level of dependency on is fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are a source of energy people use in their everyday life as a way to get light, electricity, and to keep warm. Fossil fuels are perceived as a nuclear energy, which has been around for decades. Initially, scientists perceived this type of energy as affordable and safe; however, in the late 20th century, danger of nuclear plants began to threat regions of United States. Due to the increase of global warning from the burning of fossil fuels, climate scientists and environmental experts are considering ways to replace nuclear energy (Ferguson). Since the world uses fossil fuels as a source of energy supply, it would be beneficial if the world considered using alternatives means of energy sources once all the present energy has been used up. The world wou ld greatly benefit from these alternatives since the production of present energy is polluting America. Yet with the world being greatly overpopulated and having insufficient supplies of resources, scientists all across the nation are thinking of ways to replace fossil fuels with alternative energies. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explicate alternatives people could use as a source of energy instead of being merely dependent on fossil fuels, and the advantages and disadvantages ofShow MoreRelatedFossil Fuels : The Source Of Energy1709 Words   |  7 Pagessociety fossil fuels are the primary source of energy for most of the industrialized world. Utilizing fossil fuels has been vital to the industrialization development. Throughout industrialization of many parts of the world, energy has been needed at a much higher density then before and fossil fuels have fulfilled that need. Coal, gas, and oil are the three major sources of fossil fuels in the world. Despite other me ans of energy, such as wind power, hydroelectric power and so on, fossil fuels are stillRead MoreFossil Fuels : The Source Of Energy2902 Words   |  12 PagesAlthough fossil fuels are the main source of energy on Earth, there are several other forms of energy that are gaining in popularity. Alternative energy, or renewable energy, is a more environmentally and economically friendly source of energy. There are four main forms of alternative energy; solar, wind, nuclear, and hydroelectric. Each source has several different advantages over fossil fuels as well as disadvantages of use and durability. Using these renewable sources as the main provider of energyRead MoreRenewable Energy Sources For Fossil Fuels1240 Words   |  5 Pagesas fossil fuels in order to provide us energy. Almost everything we use nowadays consumes power in some form, and in tandem we rely on energy. Fossil fuels have become the go to resource for providing power. Fossil fuels include natural resources such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas. These fossil fuels fall under the non-renewable category because they take thousands of years in order to form naturally and cannot be replaced as fast as they are being consumed. Another non-renewable energy sourceRead MoreAlternative Energy Sources For Fossil Fuels2676 Words   |  11 Pages Alternative Energy Sources Emily Lazovich Gwynedd Mercy University Abstract Fossil fuels can be easily found around the globe and the production of these fuels may be cost-effective. Although fossil fuel is harmful to the environment, the United States is continuing to use fossil fuel as a source of energy. In addition to this, once the fossil fuels have all been used up, there is no chance of obtaining more. There are many types of alternative energy sources in the world thatRead MoreFossil Fuel And Alternative Sources Of Energy1218 Words   |  5 Pages Energy Policy Jameisha Lyttle Gwynedd Mercy University Abstract The United States government, as well as many others around the world, have relied on fossil fuel as an energy source for a long period of time. The extraction, production, and development of these sources have contributed to the many issues with the environment. In addition to this, fossil fuel will not exist forever because there is a limited amount on earth and it cannot be restored. For this reason, the UnitedRead MoreAlternative Sources Of Energy For Fossil Fuel1432 Words   |  6 Pages In this day and age, finding an alternate source of energy to fossil fuel is essential. Humans are using up fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, faster than they can be made naturally.This means that there will be a time when all of the fossil fuels will have been used to power . To prevent a world without energy, many alternative sources have been harnessed. Six different pathways for energies were found: solar power, biomass, geothermal power, hydropower, wind power, and nuclear power. All o fRead MoreAlternative Energy Sources Of Fossil Fuels1701 Words   |  7 Pages the world has run on fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are critical to global energy infrastructure due to their inherent advantages and generate significant economic value as a result. However, the negative economic and environmental implications of fossil fuels demands a permanent transition towards alternative energy. The world will continue to investigate alternative energy sources and must commit to them to avoid long-term environmental degradation. Ultimately, fossil fuels are on the way out, butRead MoreFossil Fuels : An Alternative Source Of Energy1715 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Fossil fuels have been keeping our country running for quite a long time, throughout our history. The reason why fossil fuels have been so instrumental in our production of energy is the increase in technology. Technology has brought the world ways to dig into the earth and extract oil, which we have been doing quite a bit more of as late. The problem with this increase in drilling and digging for fossil fuels is that there is only so much of it, and cannot be created, or reused. OnceRead MoreAlternative Energy Sources For Fossil Fuels1874 Words   |  8 Pagesconsuming energy. Currently the majority of this energy comes from fossil fuels (i.e. coal, natural gas, and oil). Fossil fuels made up eighty-seven percent of the energy consumed worldwide in 2012 (Gonzalez Lucky). There are many people who do not believe there is an energy crisis, or that there is anything wrong with depending on fossil fuels, however fossil fuels are non-renewable, which means once they are gone we are una ble to create more. In addition, the carbon that is located in fossil fuelsRead MoreFossil Fuels And Alternative Energy Sources1682 Words   |  7 PagesMost fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas and coal are considered nonrenewable resources in that their use is not sustainable because their formation takes billions of years (Investopedia, 2014). As the nonrenewable resources become more and more scarce, the cost to obtain them will continue to gradually rise (Investopedia, 2014). Eventually, the price will become so high that users will no longer be able to afford them, forcing the change from fossil fuels to alternative energy sources (Investopedia)

Monday, December 23, 2019

The Effects of Global Warming on Our Planet Essay - 576 Words

The Effects of Global Warming on Our Planet Global warming, professionally also called the climate change represents nowadays a critical global issue posing a serious potential threat. This simply means that the average temperature of our planet is slowly rising. This however is not due to the natural causes as it was in the past but due to people and their activities, which permit the so-called greenhouse gases to be emitted into the atmosphere. This has already taken its toll in terms of altering the weather and subsequently the conditions of the whole planet and might also have consequences for the future. Therefore this essay will, in the next few sections explore the impacts that global†¦show more content†¦A further contribution to problems is also a refusal of certain countries to ratify Kyoto agreement, an agreement to reduce emissions. As a result, gases gathered in the atmosphere form a layer around our planet which functions as a greenhouse thus warming the planet. There are several implications emanating from this. First of all, the temperatures rise considerably. According to statistics in last two hundred years the temperatures increased by 0.6 degrees (Velhora, 2004). This led to a further series of interlocked issues e.g. melting and retreating glaciers and rising sea levels. Large areas of ice help to control the world?s temperature by reflecting the sun?s rays. However, reduction of ice sheets exposes more areas of water, which absorbs the heath from the sun reducing areas of ice still further (Johnston, 2005). In addition, rising sea levels also led to an excessive erosion of cliffs (Hall, 2005). Climate change also affected the species distribution. Due to the warming certain insects and plants expand their range (Hall, 2005) thus reducing the space of other species. As a consequence of spring coming earlier trees are blooming earlier as well as earlier nesting birds risking that the chicks will hatch before their usual food supply is available (Henderson, 2005). Considering what further effects a global warming might have it is crucial to takeShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Global Warming On Our Planet1396 Words   |  6 Pages There is no doubt that global warming becomes one of the most dangerous, serious and popular issues in the 21st century. It is possible to identify the probable and effective solutions by means of the population around the world to reduce negative effects on our planet. Joseph and Roy (2014) points out 97% of the scientists and professionals are trying to discover the best explanations, which can prevent our world from violent disasters that can damage the lives and wealth of all nations and animalsRead MoreGlobal Warming and Its Effect on Our Planet2763 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction Nowadays, Global warming is an incontrovertible fact, which proves that our planet and its climate are in trouble. Well global warming is a term that denotes a slow warming of the earth’s regular temperature. It was also named exclusively man-made effects, in particular carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide has largely increased during the past forty years, and scientists concluded that the average earth temperature has increased solely based on man-made activities suchRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On Our Future On A Hotter Planet1829 Words   |  8 Pages21st, global warming rates have increased by unprecedented amounts. As the Earth’s changing climate becomes a pertinent issue for nature and human society, climate scientists continue to predict the effects that rising temperatures will have on the whole planet in the future. Notably, in 2008, environmental activist Mark Lynas examined aspects of global warming, like rising sea levels, natural disast ers, and overall temperature changes in his book â€Å"Six Degrees: Our Future on a Hotter Planet.† LynasRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On Our Planet s Ecosystem1173 Words   |  5 PagesMother Earth is burning as we speak; humanity has killed our precious Earth. Global-warming is a vicious killer that was created by the humans on this Earth, and there s no way to cure it. We, as humans, have the power to cleanse the Earth, but instead we destroy it. Heat is absorbed by carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases. A greenhouse gas absorbs thermal radiation emitted by the Earth s surface. As the sun s energy reaches the Earth’s surface, some of it is released into space, some is absorbedRead MoreThe Issue Of Global Warming1338 Words   |  6 PagesOver the past years, the controversial issue of global warming has been primarily brought to the attention of the public. Global warming is generally assumed to be the main cause of rising average global temperature. The cli mate on the Earth is changing and there is no big surprise. It is believed that global warming is caused by many natural and manmade activities, which is affecting the planet by the seconds, minutes, hours, days, and years. Many may not even care about this serious issue, butRead MoreThe Potential Cause Of Global Warming1689 Words   |  7 PagesThe potential causes of global warming are debated about by many scientists. Many scientists believe that global warming is natural while others believe it to be caused by mostly humans. Global warming may be completely natural for many reasons. First, Earth tends to go through cycles of heating and cooling and this wouldn’t be the first time our planet has begun to heat up unexpectedly. Second, nobody can directly correlate humans with global warming, we may emit CO2 but that doesn’t mean we causedRead More The Severe Effect of Global Warming Essay1266 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming When we think of global warming, we think about Air pollution, rise of temperature, melting glaciers, carbon dioxide emissions and so no. But even though we know that these factors could lead to a global catastrophe, very often we do not realize what king of severe effect the global warming could have on our planet. Imagine that you are placed into the future. It is some where around 2050. You begin to live in this new world, but the planet is not the same any more. You hear aboutRead MoreGlobal Warming: The Release of Greenhouse Gases986 Words   |  4 Pagesthe truth about global warming. It seems that everyone else has been tagging along as well. It has become a great concern that people aren’t aware of what global warming actually is, and citizens leave it up to politics to decide for them. So, What is Global Warming? There is a process that occurs in our atmosphere called the Greenhouse Effect. The natural release of greenhouse gasses from our planet is done to keep our planet warm. What occurs is these gasses are released into our atmosphere, inRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1630 Words   |  7 PagesClimate Related Threats Global warming will lead to uncontrollable devastation such as famine, war, and economic instability. Climate change will accelerate the dislocation of hundreds of millions of people and the extinction of many species. The negative effects of climate change are obvious on every continent. Professor Le Quere, director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of East Anglia said, The human influence on climate change is clear. The atmosphere andRead MoreThe Warming Of The Arctic Antarctic And Greenland Ice Sheets Have Lost 5.5 Trillion Tons Of Ice1262 Words   |  6 PagesThe Earth’s climate is constantly changing, and unfortunately it’s not for the better. Our planet that everybody calls home has a complex environment engulfed with diversity. These complexities also differ among location, which result in warm and cold regions. The regions also shift temperatures according to the location of our planet orbiting our sun. There is definitely a n overall trend around the world that our climate is increasing in temperature. Even if it’s too slight to be noticeable, it’s

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Greek and Roman Cultures Free Essays

Alicia Battles AIU-Online Cultural Topics November 11, 2012 Abstract In this assignment I will compare and contrast Greek and Roman Culture. I will discuss the likes and differences of their government, geographic terrain, economics, trade practices, art, architecture, philosophies, and religious beliefs. Greek Terrain- city states separated by hilly countryside and all near water Art- ideal artistic form (Superior to Roman art) Economy- grew wheat, produced, wine and olive oil; thought trading was degrading Social classes- slaves, freedmen, metics, citizens, women; women were not considered citizens Government- kings originally ruled, then oligarchy, then democracy Religion- cupid God of Love, Ares God of war, based on human personality traits, Love, Honor, Hatred, Dignity, also their roles in life determined what they were god of; Zeus: sky/weather, Hades: death, Poseidon: sea, aquatics; Physical life was of importance instead of eventuality of the afterlife; Each god had characteristics that determined their actions; Deities were important for progression of life but mortals were just as Both Geographic Terrain- Mediterranean countries Economy- based on agriculture, worked mines, had slaves, produced wine and olive oil, coinage, divided by wealth Religion- same gods but different names and traits Government- originated by kings Philosophy- slowly emerged out of religious awe into curiosity about the principles and elements of the natural world. We will write a custom essay sample on Greek and Roman Cultures or any similar topic only for you Order Now When Greek population moved to their cities interest changed to social living. Roman Terrain- Rome was inland, and on one side of the Tiber River Art- realistic portraits for decoration Economy- imported wheat, farmers, and also engaged in trade Social Classes- slaves, freedmen, plebeians, patricians Women were considered citizens Government- Kings originally ruled, then mixed republican form, then emperors Religion- Eros god of love, Mars god of martial fertility, Deities named after objects; mortals did good deeds to be rewarded in the afterlife; they strove to gain their place with the gods in heaven Religion- gods not gender specific so their individual characteristics were not central to the myths; myths based in brave, heroic deeds of gods not mortals as mortal life was not important after death; Not individualistic; a warrior found sacred; actions more important than words; gods had no physical mportant as it was their contribution in society that mattered in the end; Individualistic: individuals had more consequences for their actions than that of a group Physical work not as important as creativity Gods were beautiful, bodies, muscles, eyes and hair made them more beautiful. Architecture- Buildings made of wood, clay, or mud bricks, limestone, marble, terracotta, plaster , and bronze; buildings were of the type of religious, funerary, domestic, civic, or recreational themes ppearance; Architecture- Rome adopted most of its architecture from Greek architecture References: http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/1350843/Western-philosophy/16256/Shifts-in-the-focus-and-concern-of-Western-philosophy http://www. differencebetween. com/difference-between-greek-and-vs-roman-archit ecture/ http://www. diffen. com/difference/Greek_Gods_vs_Roman_Gods http://ancienthistory. about. com/od/greecevsrome/ss/GreecevsRome_8. htm How to cite Greek and Roman Cultures, Essay examples

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Failure of Leadership-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Failure of Leadership. Answer: Introduction: Leaders can be defined as the individuals who take on the responsibility of guiding a group of subordinates in order to help them meet the objectives of organizations. The leaders influence and encourage the subordinates in ways by which they can effectively overcome different barriers that come in their ay and reach their goals (Hill Bartol, 2016). Leaders are responsible for helping them realize their potential and make them work beyond their capacity to reach the zenith of success. One of their main weapons is their potential to motivate the employees that help them to overcome different stress and help them deliver their best work (Hojat et al., 2015). Researchers are of the opinion that in order to develop leadership skills, every individual need to reflect regularly on both their positive and negative traits (Saeed et al., 2017). This would help strengthen their positive aspects, overcome different barriers, and modify their negative traits to provide guidance that helps every organization to achieve their mission and vision (Priest Gass, 2017). This assignment will reflect how failed leadership situation helped me to enhance my skills of communication and team management skills helping me for preparing myself for a bright future. The first step of Gibbs reflective cycle is the description of the event. During the placement months, I was assigned the position of a team leader to manage a team of about eight people. I was given an assignment to complete within an assigned date. I called each of the individual of the team and allocated their respective task. One of the members tried to provide me a suggestion stating that rather than assigning one piece of work to one member. I should allocate one place of work to two members that would reduce the chances of failing to meet the deadlines. I did not listen to him completely and cut him out stating that since I am the leader, my orders need to be adhered to. I tried to be very strict with them so that they do not waste their time in gossiping and not doing their work. I did not allow anyone to talk with each other on the floor to maintain discipline. One of the members could not submit me the work and missed the deadline that I had given her. I could not control m y anger and shouted on her following which she never continued me directly on the floor. Moreover, when one of the members came to me and asked me that he was not able to complete their work due to personal issues, I blamed him stating that these are all excuses that he was making for not completing the work. The next day he put forward a resignation letter that made me quite nervous. I became so nervous that I lost my confidence and could not manage the team effectively. Moreover, there arose many situations where huge fights took place between the subordinates where each blamed each other for failure of completion of work. All these resulted in the failure of the assignment and my mentor severely criticized me. The second step mainly says what the individuals was feeling and thinking during the incidences. When I was given the responsibility to complete the assignment with the help of teamwork, I thought that if I have to make the work complete successfully, I need to be quite strict with the subordinate. I thought, if I allow them to communicate and interact on the floor, they would spend most of the time of the day in informal interactions that may result them in failing to meet the requirement. I also thought that they are making excuses as they had wasted their time and required more time to complete the work. I thought if I allow them more time, the assignment will not be completed within time and would thereby fail. The pressures of meeting the deadlines made me nervous and therefore I shouted in anger on the individual who came to me for help. I could not control my emotions that time. I became quite nervous when one of them submitted his resignation, as I could not understand what m istake I had made that resulted in taking him such a big decision. The failure of the entire project made me quite upset and I felt both confused and upset about the reasons that had resulted in failure of the teamwork. The third step of the cycle is the evaluation stage that mainly involves stating what was good and bad about experiences. Many negative factors were associated with the incident. Due to my improper leadership, the subordinates develop a very negative feeling about me. They developed a feeling that I was rude and they decided never to work under my guidance. This created a very negative image of mine that affected my career. Such negative image in the very beginning of my career had the potential to affect my future prospects. Moreover, I lost my self-confidence entirely and could not gain courage to overcome the negative vibes that I was receiving. My mentor who had trust on me and provided me with the opportunity to exhibit my leadership trait was also very upset about the bad performance that I had put forward. I felt very sad for letting down his expectations. However, the positive aspect of the incident was that this incident helped me to realize that my leadership traits were no t up to the mark and I do not have proper knowledge about how to manage a team and lead a team towards success. Therefore, it helped me to realize that I need to work more on my leadership skills and team working skills so that I can become successful in my future leadership projects. The fourth important step is called the analysis step. This step helps individuals to make senses from the situations. After discussing with my mentors as well as after going through several research articles, I realized the mistakes that I had conducted in my leadership. I realized that I do not have proper communication skills. I am an impatient listener and I do not have effective feedback giving and listening skills. Cutting out subordinates in middle of their suggestions make them feel disrespected as they feel that they do not have power or acceptance in the organization (Chuang, Jackson Jiang, 2016). They feel that their suggestions are not respected and this affects employee and teams morale that in turn affects human relations. Moreover, I neither allowed the employees to communicate among them nor arranged for any meetings with effective and constructive feedback giving and receiving sessions in the team. Due to lack of effective communication and encouragement of communic ation from my side, bonding and relationship did not develop. Researchers are of the opinion that rapport building is one of the most importance aspects of teamwork that strengthened human relations in workplace (Kozlowski et al., 2015). The stronger the relationship between employees, the better is productivity as employees not only shared work burden but also engages in informal discussion that releases pressure (Scully, 2015). Emotional turmoil in employees can be handled effectively by proper communication that prevents burnout (Hargett et al., 2017). Besides, I also realized that I have poor emotional intelligence. I have poor self-regulation skills for which I cannot control my emotions properly. Therefore, when I became angry I could not keep myself calm and shouted on the employee that affected her self-respect. Researchers are of the opinion that individuals who have higher self regulation capability can maintain trustworthiness and integrity, openness to change and enjoy c omfort with ambiguity (Hojat et al., 2015). I also did not have poor empathy for which I could not connect with the pain and emotion of the employee who could not complete the work due to personal issues. In place, I was rude with him which made him upset. He felt that the organization does not trust him and cannot pay importance to the concerns and issues he is facing. I also could not motivate and inspire them to work and my leadership trait was more autocratic than transformational. Researchers suggest that transformational leadership in the 21st century is essential to bring out the best productivity where motivation and leading by example is most important (Carter et al., 2015). I was unnecessarily strict with them that affected their self-esteem, their morale and made them burnout easily. Therefore, they were not able to exhibit effective teamwork and even failed to meet the productivity and deadline. The next step is called the conclusion phase where the individual needs to state what else he should have done in the incidents. I should have exhibited proper listening skills and should not have cut down the employees in midst of their suggestions. I should have been empathetic to both the employees who could not complete their work and should have tried to understand their issues and helped them in return. I should have inspired all the members to communicate with each other and arrange or meetings where I would have motivated them to work beyond their capabilities to meet the goals. I should have provided more importance to rapport building among the employees so that they can establish good bonds with each other and show effective teamwork. I should not have been strict with them and in place be friendlier with them by sharing their concerns and guiding them with the work where they were stuck. This would have led to success of the assignments (Dubrin et al., 2015). The next step is called the action plan stages that help individuals to prepare with the action plan that they would apply if the events occur again. When I get such leadership projects form next time, the most important aspect I would pay importance to is rapport building between the employees and effective communication with the employees and among the employees. Researchers are of the opinion that rapport building enhances human relations and helps to overcome stress, pressure, anxiety and emotional turmoil (Matthews McLees, 2015). This aspect also enhances productivity. Moreover, I will arrange for effective constructive feedback sessions every week so that employees can open up to about their concern and disclose their suggestions for each other in a constructive manner. Such sessions would help in developing relationship among the employees (Schaik et al., 2014). Moreover, I will also work on my emotional intelligence attributes so that I can emotionally connect with my subord inates and motivate them to perform the best. From the entire discussion above, it had been easily understood the three aspects which are very important for effective teamwork and leadership helping in developing human relations at workplace. These are effective communication skills, proper rapport building in teamwork and high emotional intelligence. Every leader should develop the mentioned attributes so that they can help their subordinates meet the organization goals and reach the zenith of success References: Carter, D. R., Seely, P. W., Dagosta, J., DeChurch, L. A., Zaccaro, S. J. (2015). Leadership for global virtual teams: Facilitating teamwork processes. InLeading global teams(pp. 225-252). Springer, New York, NY. Chuang, C. H., Jackson, S. E., Jiang, Y. (2016). Can knowledge-intensive teamwork be managed? Examining the roles of HRM systems, leadership, and tacit knowledge.Journal of management,42(2), 524-554. DuBrin, A. J. (2015).Leadership: Research findings, practice, and skills. Nelson Education. Hargett, C. W., Doty, J. P., Hauck, J. N., Webb, A. M., Cook, S. H., Tsipis, N. E., ... Taylor, D. C. (2017). Developing a model for effective leadership in healthcare: a concept mapping approach.Journal of Healthcare Leadership,9, 69. Hill, N. S., Bartol, K. M. (2016). Empowering leadership and effective collaboration in geographically dispersed teams.Personnel Psychology,69(1), 159-198. Hojat, M., Michalec, B., Veloski, J. J., Tykocinski, M. L. (2015). Can empathy, other personality attributes, and level of positive social influence in medical school identify potential leaders in medicine?.Academic Medicine,90(4), 505-510. Kozlowski, S. W., Grand, J. A., Baard, S. K., Pearce, M. (2015). Teams, teamwork, and team effectiveness: Implications for human systems integration.The handbook of human systems integration, 535-552. Matthews, R., McLees, J. (2015). Building effective projects teams and teamwork.Journal of Information Technology and Economic Development,6(2), 20. Priest, S., Gass, M. (2017).Effective Leadership in Adventure Programming, 3E. Human Kinetics. Saeed, F., Wall, A., Roberts, C., Riahi, R., Bury, A. (2017). A proposed quantitative methodology for the evaluation of the effectiveness of Human Element, Leadership and Management (HELM) training in the UK.WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs,16(1), 115-138. Schaik, S. M., O'brien, B. C., Almeida, S. A., Adler, S. R. (2014). Perceptions of interprofessional teamwork in low?acuity settings: a qualitative analysis.Medical education,48(6), 583-592. Scully, N. J. (2015). Leadership in nursing: The importance of recognising inherent values and attributes to secure a positive future for the profession.Collegian,22(4), 439-444. Weinstein, J., Morton, L. H. (2015). Collaboration and teamwork.